Who invented flatbed scanners

While CCD scanners offer a large color gamut and high speeds, they need regular calibration and cannot capture extremely wide images.

CIS, or contact image sensor, scanners are a newer technology used for portable, low-power and entry-level large-format scanning. They place the image sensors much closer to the object to be scanned, have a much shorter warm-up time, and require less frequent calibration, but they also offer reduced resolution and color quality.

Flatbed scanners are ideal for scanning loose paper, flat artwork and some books. They also can be used to capture images of some 3-D objects and paintings with textured surfaces, but may produce shadows and other scan artifacts. This kind of scanner does not work well for digitizing transparent images, such as slides or film negatives, unless used with a special adapter. In , Alexander Bain patented an experimental facsimile machine, and the first commercial fax service was opened by the French telegraph administration in Widely used throughout the early 20 th century, early facsimile devices allowed for the easy transfer of photographs, maps and other imagery.

After World War II, the development of electronic digital computers throughout the s and s led to research in many emerging fields, including image reproduction.

Initially developed to solve problems in mathematics and chemistry, the SEAC was also used to explore novel areas in computing, such as problems in artificial intelligence and language processing.

Russell Kirsch led a team of researchers to explore character recognition technology for the purpose of processing mass amounts of data. The scanner used a rotating drum and photomultiplier to detect reflections from an image mounted on its drum, with a mask between the picture and photomultiplier to parse the image into discrete square pixels.

Usage of square pixels is a legacy that continues in image processing to this day. Kirsch has since stated that the decision to use square pixels was a mistake, and that square pixelation leads to decreased quality in images. In retrospect, Kirsch would have preferred to take an approach similar to the sixth century mosaics in Ravenna, which used a technique of tesserae with different shapes and colors to represent an image.

Using individually shaped tesserae versus square pixels allows for greater image quality using the same amount of discrete points. An 80 x 46 tesserae image for example, can represent a picture in higher quality than the same image represented by x 58 square pixels.

CCDs found many uses, including in digital photography, but they were also a natural fit for computer image processing. Kurzweil had previously developed a system of optical character recognition OCR to discern letters in numerous fonts, whereas previous OCR programs could only recognize one or two type fonts. However, the human eye is not capable of perceiving all of them. SilverFast 6. QuickTime Movies. SilverFast Blog.

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